What does the term "separation of powers" refer to?

The term "separation of powers" refers to the division of government responsibilities into distinct branches. This concept is fundamental to the structure of the United States government, as it establishes three separate branches: the legislative, the executive, and the judicial. Each branch has its own distinct functions and powers, which are designed to operate independently and to check each other's power. This ensures that no single branch becomes too powerful and helps to maintain a balance within the government.

In practice, the legislative branch makes laws, the executive branch enforces them, and the judicial branch interprets them. This division is intended to prevent the concentration of power in any one branch, thus safeguarding against tyranny and protecting democratic principles. The system of separation of powers is complemented by a series of checks and balances, which allow each branch to monitor and limit the actions of the others, further ensuring accountability and the protection of citizens' rights.