What is the significance of Marbury v. Madison?

The significance of Marbury v. Madison lies in its establishment of the principle of judicial review, which is the authority of the courts to review and invalidate legislative or executive actions that are found to be unconstitutional. This landmark decision, issued by the Supreme Court in 1803, marked a foundational moment in American constitutional law by affirming the judiciary's role as a check on the other branches of government. It empowered the courts to ensure that laws align with the Constitution, thus reinforcing the principle of the rule of law.

Judicial review has since become a critical mechanism for maintaining the balance of power among the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches. This case set a precedent that continues to influence how laws and actions are interpreted and challenged in the United States. The other options, which discuss the powers of the President, the role of the Senate, and executive orders, do not address the core impact of Marbury v. Madison on the judiciary’s role in governance.