Which principle ensures the distribution of power among the branches of government?

The principle that ensures the distribution of power among the branches of government is the separation of powers. This concept divides government responsibilities into distinct branches—typically the legislative, executive, and judicial branches—each with its own powers and responsibilities. The separation of powers is intended to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful, fostering a system of governance where each branch operates independently yet can check the other branches. This foundational principle reflects the framers' intention to create a balanced government that protects against tyranny and abuse of power.

While checks and balances play a critical role in this system by allowing each branch to limit the powers of the others, it is the separation of powers that specifically delineates the distinct functions and authorities of each branch. Federalism pertains to the division of power between national and state governments, and popular sovereignty relates to the authority of the people in governance. Thus, the emphasis here is on the clear allocation of governmental power through the mechanism of separation of powers.